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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gyroscopy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гироскопия и навигация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7035</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2075-0927</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AO «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17285/0869-7035.00105</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gyroscopy-109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритмы навигации беспилотных летательных аппаратов с использованием систем технического зрения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Review of Navigation Algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Computer Vision Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-1505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Али</surname><given-names>Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ali</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Али Бушра, аспирант </p><p>Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-358X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садеков</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadekov</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Садеков Ринат Наилевич, доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры инженерной кибернетики </p><p>Москва </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цодокова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsodokova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цодокова Вероника Владимировна, кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник </p><p>С.-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> St. Petersburg </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «МИСиС» (НИТУ МИСИС)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The National University of Science and Technology MISIS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>The National University of Science and Technology MISIS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>105</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Али Б., Садеков Р.Н., Цодокова В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Али Б., Садеков Р.Н., Цодокова В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ali B., Sadekov R.N., Tsodokova V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/109">https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/109</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье анализируются работы, посвященные навигации беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) в условиях пропадания сигнала спутниковых навигационных систем с использованием систем технического зрения (камер оптического диапазона). Рассматриваемые алгоритмы основаны на сравнении изображений, сформированных БПЛА, с имеющимися геопривязанными изображениями местности, выступающими в качестве эталона. Изображения сопоставляются либо попиксельно, либо по ключевым точкам, либо с использованием нейронных сетей. Описываются этапы реализации алгоритмов, приводятся достигнутые с их помощью точности, а также используемые для апробации данные. В заключительной части статьи делаются выводы о возможностях и ограничениях рассматриваемых подходов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the works devoted to outdoor navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in GNSS-denied environments using computer vision systems (optical range cameras). The algorithms addressed are based on matching of UAV-generated images with the available georeferenced terrain images. Images are matched either pixel by pixel, by their key points, or using neural networks. The stages of each algorithm, as well as the accuracy achieved by the authors and the field data used for testing are considered. The paper concludes with a discussion of the capabilities and limitations of the proposed approaches.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беспилотный летательный аппарат</kwd><kwd>автономная навигация</kwd><kwd>сопоставление ключевых точек</kwd><kwd>дескриптор</kwd><kwd>детектор</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>техническое зрение</kwd><kwd>спутниковые снимки</kwd><kwd>корреляционно-экстремальные системы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>unmanned aerial vehicle</kwd><kwd>autonomous navigation</kwd><kwd>key point matching</kwd><kwd>descriptor</kwd><kwd>detector</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>satellite imagery</kwd><kwd>correlation-extreme systems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Candiago, S., Remondino, F., De Giglio, M., Dubbini, M., and Gattelli, M., Evaluating Multispectral Images and Vegetation Indices for Precision Farming Applications from UAV Images, Remote Sensing, 2015, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 4026–4047, doi: 10.3390/rs70404026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Candiago, S., Remondino, F., De Giglio, M., Dubbini, M., and Gattelli, M., Evaluating Multispectral Images and Vegetation Indices for Precision Farming Applications from UAV Images, Remote Sensing, 2015, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 4026–4047, doi: 10.3390/rs70404026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akhloufi, M.A., Castro, N.A., and Couturier, A., UAVs for wildland fires, Autonomous Systems: Sensors, Vehicles, Security, and the Internet of Everything, 2018, vol. 10643, doi: 10.1117/12.2304834.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhloufi, M.A., Castro, N.A., and Couturier, A., UAVs for wildland fires, Autonomous Systems: Sensors, Vehicles, Security, and the Internet of Everything, 2018, vol. 10643, doi: 10.1117/12.2304834.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akhloufi, M.A., Castro, N.A., and Couturier, A., Unmanned aerial systems for wildland and forest fires: Sensing, perception, cooperation and assistance, Drones, 2021, vol. 5, no. 15, doi: 10.3390/drones5010015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhloufi, M.A., Castro, N.A., and Couturier, A., Unmanned aerial systems for wildland and forest fires: Sensing, perception, cooperation and assistance, Drones, 2021, vol. 5, no. 15, doi: 10.3390/drones5010015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мокрова М.И. 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