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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gyroscopy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гироскопия и навигация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya / Gyroscopy and Navigation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7035</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2075-0927</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AO «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17285/0869-7035.0059</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gyroscopy-166</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Беспилотные суда. Навигация и не только</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Unmanned Ships: Navigation and More</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ривкин</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rivkin</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ривкин Борис Самуилович. Кандидат технических наук, начальник Центра компетенций в области навигации, АО «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор» (С.-Петербург). Член правления Международной ассоциации институтов навигации (IAIN). Действительный член международной общественной организации «Академия навигации и управления движением».</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rivkin, B.S. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор» (С.-Петербург)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ривкин Б.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ривкин Б.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rivkin B.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/166">https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/166</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье излагаются краткие сведения о развитии технологий создания беспилотных надводных судов за последние 20 лет. Обсуждаются проблемы их навигационного обеспечения и его соответствия требованиям Международной морской организации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper briefly overviews the development of unmanned surface ship technology over the last 20 years. Main problems of their navigation equipment and algorithms, and their compliance with the International Maritime Organization requirements are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Беспилотные суда</kwd><kwd>безопасность плавания</kwd><kwd>COLREG</kwd><kwd>SOLAS</kwd><kwd>навигация</kwd><kwd>задача расхождения</kwd><kwd>радар</kwd><kwd>лидар</kwd><kwd>видеокамера.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Surface ships</kwd><kwd>navigation safety</kwd><kwd>COLREGs</kwd><kwd>SOLAS</kwd><kwd>navigation</kwd><kwd>collision avoidance</kwd><kwd>radar</kwd><kwd>LIDAR</kwd><kwd>video camera.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/ibm-technology-enables-transatlantic-autonomousship-voyage-56527</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.rivieramm.com/news-content-hub/ibm-technology-enables-transatlantic-autonomousship-voyage-56527</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">businessinsider.com/ibm-transatlantic-autonomous-research-vessel-ship-across-atlantic-ocean-mayflower2020-9?r =US&amp;IR=T</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">businessinsider.com/ibm-transatlantic-autonomous-research-vessel-ship-across-atlantic-ocean-mayflower2020-9?r =US&amp;IR=T</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">newsroom.ibm.com/2020-03-05-Sea-Trials-Begin-for-Mayflower-Autonomous-Ships-AI-Captain</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">newsroom.ibm.com/2020-03-05-Sea-Trials-Begin-for-Mayflower-Autonomous-Ships-AI-Captain</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150205102001/http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/annual-reports/ annual_report_2005.cfm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150205102001/http://www.maib.gov.uk/publications/annual-reports/ annual_report_2005.cfm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.agcs.allianz.com/news-and-insights/expert-risk-articles/human-error-shipping-safety.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.agcs.allianz.com/news-and-insights/expert-risk-articles/human-error-shipping-safety.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://neuronus.com/stat/101-britantsy-nachali-razrabotku-bezekipazhnykh-gruzovykh-sudov.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://neuronus.com/stat/101-britantsy-nachali-razrabotku-bezekipazhnykh-gruzovykh-sudov.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">www.unmanned-ship.org/munin/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/MUNIN-final-brochure.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">www.unmanned-ship.org/munin/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/MUNIN-final-brochure.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/ROLLS-ROYCE-HOLDINGS-PLC-4004084/news/ Rolls-Royce-AAWA-project-introduces-the-project-s-first-commercial-ship-operators-22156271/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/ROLLS-ROYCE-HOLDINGS-PLC-4004084/news/ Rolls-Royce-AAWA-project-introduces-the-project-s-first-commercial-ship-operators-22156271/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/customers/marine/ship-intel/aawawhitepaper-210616.com/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.rolls-royce.com/~/media/Files/R/Rolls-Royce/documents/customers/marine/ship-intel/aawawhitepaper-210616.com/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheridan, T.B., and Verplank, W.L., Human and Computer Control of Undersea Teleoperators. 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