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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gyroscopy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гироскопия и навигация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7035</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2075-0927</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AO «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17285/0869-7035.0077</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gyroscopy-181</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Межпланетные перелеты малогабаритных космических аппаратов: проблемы баллистики и пути их решения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interplanetary Small-Satellite Missions: Ballistic Problems and Their Solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2377-4490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчинников</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovchinnikov</surname><given-names>M. Yu</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овчинников Михаил Юрьевич. Доктор физико-математических наук, главный научный сотрудник, Институт прикладной математики им. М.В. Келдыша РАН (Москва). </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт прикладной математики им. М.В. Келдыша РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Овчинников М.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Овчинников М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ovchinnikov M.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/181">https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/181</self-uri><abstract><p>Последнее десятилетие отмечено бурным ростом количества миссий, где используются малые космические аппараты (КА) массой до нескольких десятков килограммов, включая кубсаты, применяемые во многих областях. Перечисление и анализ реализованных, разрабатываемых и планируемых миссий стало уже бесперспективным делом для научной статьи: информация меняется настолько быстро, что, пожалуй, лишь интернет-ресурсы способны уследить за всеми изменениями на этом рынке. Околоземные миссии кубсатов все больше и больше становятся прерогативой инженеров и технологов, строятся даже заводы, серийно производящие малые КА для массового применения. Эта тенденция пока не затронула межпланетные миссии на базе малых КА, поскольку технологии, используемые для разработки больших КА, предназначенных для межпланетных миссий, ограниченно применимы для малых аппаратов, что касается и баллистических аспектов таких миссий. В первую очередь это связано с тем, что у них недостаточно энергетических возможностей для существенного изменения траектории движения, передачи сигнала на дальние расстояния, автономности существования, навигационного обеспечения аппаратов и радиационной стойкости в межпланетном пространстве. С точки зрения научной новизны решаемых КА задач и основы для баллистической реализации именно межпланетные миссии при влекают внимание исследователей. В работе обсуждаются способы межпланетного передвижения малых КА и формулируются проблемы, требующие решения в недалеком будущем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The past decade has been marked by an explosive growth in the number of missions with the use of small spacecraft weighing only about tens of kilograms, including CubeSats that are currently widely employed in various applications. For a scientific paper, it is no longer feasible to enumerate and properly analyze the accomplished missions as well as those under development and being planned: information changes so quickly that perhaps only websites with inline renovations can keep track of all the changes in this market. Near-Earth missions of CubeSats increasingly become the prerogative of engineers and production managers. Nowadays, even factories are built to mass-produce small spacecraft. However, interplanetary small-spacecraft missions stand apart because the technologies used to develop large spacecraft for interplanetary missions are not fully applicable to small spacecraft. The same is true of the bal-listic aspects of such missions. This is primarily due to the low energy capability of small spacecraft for maneuvering and transmitting signals over long distanc-es. The other equally important aspects are their self-sufficiency, navigation support, and radiation resistance in outer space. From the standpoint of the sci-entific novelty of the problems that spacecraft have to face and the fundamen-tals of ballistic implementation, it is interplanetary missions that attract atten-tion of researchers. This paper discusses the opportunities for interplanetary transportation of small spacecraft and formulates the problems that need to be solved in the near future.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Малый космический аппарат</kwd><kwd>кубсат</kwd><kwd>межпланетная миссия</kwd><kwd>баллистика</kwd><kwd>низкоэнергетическая траектория</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Small spacecraft</kwd><kwd>CubeSat</kwd><kwd>interplanetary mission</kwd><kwd>ballistics</kwd><kwd>low-energy trajectory</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSat (обращение 01.10.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSat (обращение 01.10.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation 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