<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gyroscopy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гироскопия и навигация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya / Gyroscopy and Navigation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7035</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2075-0927</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AO «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17285/0869-7035.0047</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gyroscopy-226</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение угловой ориентации в БИНС: сравнение традиционных подходов и метода функционального итеративного интегрирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Strapdown Attitude Computation: Functional Iterative Integration versus Taylor Series Expansion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ву</surname><given-names>Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ву Юансинь. Профессор</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литманович</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litmanovich</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литманович Юрий Аронович. Доктор технических наук, начальник отдела. Действительный член международной общественной организации «Академия навигации и управления движением».</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт электротехники и информатики, Университет Чжао Тонг (Шанхай, Китай).</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор» (Санкт-Петербург).</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Scientific and Research Institute “Elektropribor”, Saint Petersburg, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ву Ю., Литманович Ю.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ву Ю., Литманович Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Wu Y., Litmanovich Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/226">https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/226</self-uri><abstract><p> </p><p>Существуют два основных метода численного интегрирования дифференциальных уравнений, лежащих в основе алгоритмов определения угловой ориентации БИНС: метод, основанный на разложении решения в ряд Тейлора, и метод последовательных приближений Пикара. Метод Пикара недавно был реализован одним из авторов в рекурсивной форме с использованием аппроксимации решения уравнений ориентации полиномами Чебышева и получил название «метода функционального итеративного интегрирования» (functional iterative integration approach). В отличие от традиционных подходов данный метод позволяет получить численное решение кинематических уравнений без общепринятых упрощений исходного дифференциального уравнения. В статье указанный метод детально сравнивается с традиционными алгоритмами ориентации для произвольного количества тактов (шагов) опроса датчиков, что потребовало их модернизации за счет использования разложения в ряд Тейлора точного решения дифференциального уравнения и рекурсивного вычисления высших производных параметра ориентации. Для полноты сравнения метод функционального итеративного интегрирования был также реализован на обычных степенных полиномах. Эти два подхода рассматриваются применительно к кватерниону ориентации, хотя все сделанные выводы справедливы и для других кинематических параметров. Представлены результаты численного моделирования алгоритмов в условиях конического движения, позволяющие установить диапазон его относительных частот, в котором новые алгоритмы имеют преимущество по точности и устойчивости по сравнению с подходами, основанными на использовании обычных степенных полиномов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Strapdown Attitude Computation: Functional Iterative Integration versus Taylor Series Expansion There are two basic approaches to strapdown attitude computation, namely, the traditional Taylor series expansion approach and the Picard iterative method. The latter was recently implemented in a recursive form basing on the Chebyshev polynomial approximation and resulted in the so-called functional iterative integration approach. Up to now a detailed comparison of these two approaches with arbitrary number of gyroscope samples has been lacking for the reason that the first one is based on the simplified rotation vector equation while the second one uses the exact form. In this paper, the mainstream algorithms are considerably extended by the Taylor series expansion approach using the exact differential equation and recursive calculation of high-order derivatives, and the functional iterative integration approach is re-implemented on the normal polynomial. This paper applies the two approaches to solve the strapdown attitude problem, using the attitude parameter of quaternion as a demonstration. Numerical results under the classical coning motion are reported to assess all derived attitude algorithms. It is revealed that in the low and middle relative conic frequency range all algorithms have the same order of accuracy, but in the range of high relative frequency the algorithm by the functional iterative integration approach performs the best in both accuracy and robustness if the Chebyshev polynomials and a larger number of gyroscope samples are to be used. The main conclusion applies to other attitude parameters as well.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Функциональное итеративное интегрирование</kwd><kwd>коническое движение</kwd><kwd>кватернион ориентации.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Functional iterative integration</kwd><kwd>coning motion</kwd><kwd>attitude quaternion.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Markley, F.L., Crassidis, J.L., Fundamentals of Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control: Springer, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markley, F.L., Crassidis, J.L., Fundamentals of Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control: Springer, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Titterton, D.H., Weston, J.L., Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology, 2nd ed.: the Institute of Electrical Engineers, London, United Kingdom, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Titterton, D.H., Weston, J.L., Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology, 2nd ed.: the Institute of Electrical Engineers, London, United Kingdom, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groves, P.D., Principles of GNSS, Inertial, and Multisensor Integrated Navigation Systems, 2nd ed.: Artech House, Boston and London, 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groves, P.D., Principles of GNSS, Inertial, and Multisensor Integrated Navigation Systems, 2nd ed.: Artech House, Boston and London, 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tazartes, D.A., Inertial Navigation: From Gimbaled Platforms to Strapdown Sensors, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2010, vol. 47, pp. 2292–2299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tazartes, D.A., Inertial Navigation: From Gimbaled Platforms to Strapdown Sensors, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2010, vol. 47, pp. 2292–2299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mark, J.G., Tazartes, D.A., Tuning of Coning Algorithms to Gyro Data Frequency Response Characteristics, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 2001, vol. 24, pp. 641–647.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mark, J.G., Tazartes, D.A., Tuning of Coning Algorithms to Gyro Data Frequency Response Characteristics, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 2001, vol. 24, pp. 641–647.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savage, P.G., A new second-order solution for strapped-down attitude computation, AIAA/JACC Guidance and Control Conference, 1966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savage, P.G., A new second-order solution for strapped-down attitude computation, AIAA/JACC Guidance and Control Conference, 1966.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A study of the critical computational problems associated with strapdown inertial navigation systems, NASA CR-968 by United Aircraft Corporation, 1968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A study of the critical computational problems associated with strapdown inertial navigation systems, NASA CR-968 by United Aircraft Corporation, 1968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordan, J.W., An accurate strapdown direction cosine algorithm, NASA TN-D-5384, 1969. 9. Bortz, J.E., A new mathematical formulation for strapdown inertial navigation, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1971, vol. 7, pp. 61–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordan, J.W., An accurate strapdown direction cosine algorithm, NASA TN-D-5384, 1969. 9. Bortz, J.E., A new mathematical formulation for strapdown inertial navigation, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1971, vol. 7, pp. 61–66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller, R., A new strapdown attitude algorithm, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1983, vol. 6, pp. 287–291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller, R., A new strapdown attitude algorithm, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1983, vol. 6, pp. 287–291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ignagni, M.B., Optimal strapdown attitude integration algorithms, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1990, vol. 13, pp. 363–369.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignagni, M.B., Optimal strapdown attitude integration algorithms, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1990, vol. 13, pp. 363–369.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ignagni, M.B., Efficient class of optimized coning compensation algorithm, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1996, vol. 19, pp. 424–429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignagni, M.B., Efficient class of optimized coning compensation algorithm, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1996, vol. 19, pp. 424–429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savage, P.G., Strapdown inertial navigation integration algorithm design, part 1: attitude algorithms, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1998, vol. 21, pp. 19–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savage, P.G., Strapdown inertial navigation integration algorithm design, part 1: attitude algorithms, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1998, vol. 21, pp. 19–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litmanovich, Y.A., Lesyuchevsky, V.M., Gusinsky, V.Z., Two new classes of strapdown navigation algorithms, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Jun. 2000, vol. 23, pp. 34–44, 28–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litmanovich, Y.A., Lesyuchevsky, V.M., Gusinsky, V.Z., Two new classes of strapdown navigation algorithms, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Jun. 2000, vol. 23, pp. 34–44, 28–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savage, P., Down-Summing Rotation Vectors For Strapdown Attitude Updating (SAI WBN-14019), Strapdown Associates, 2017. (http://strapdownassociates.com/Rotation%20Vector%20Down_ Summing.pdf).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savage, P., Down-Summing Rotation Vectors For Strapdown Attitude Updating (SAI WBN-14019), Strapdown Associates, 2017. (http://strapdownassociates.com/Rotation%20Vector%20Down_ Summing.pdf).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litmanovich, Y.A., Mark, J.G., Progress in Strapdown Algorithm Design at the West and East as Appeared at Saint Petersburg Conferences: Decade Overview, Saint-Petersburg International Conference on Integrated Navigational Systems, Russia, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litmanovich, Y.A., Mark, J.G., Progress in Strapdown Algorithm Design at the West and East as Appeared at Saint Petersburg Conferences: Decade Overview, Saint-Petersburg International Conference on Integrated Navigational Systems, Russia, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee, J.G., Yoon, Y.J., Mark, J.G., Tazartes, D.A., Extension of strapdown attitude algorithm for highfrequency base motion, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1990, vol. 13, pp. 738–743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee, J.G., Yoon, Y.J., Mark, J.G., Tazartes, D.A., Extension of strapdown attitude algorithm for highfrequency base motion, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1990, vol. 13, pp. 738–743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu, Z., Xie, J., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Xu, Z., Accurate Direct Strapdown Direction Cosine Algorithm, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, vol. 55, pp. 2045–2053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu, Z., Xie, J., Zhou, Z., Zhao, J., Xu, Z., Accurate Direct Strapdown Direction Cosine Algorithm, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, vol. 55, pp. 2045–2053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Branets, V.N., Shmyglevsky, I.P., Application of Quaternions to the Problems of Rigid Body Orientation: Nauka, 1973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Branets, V.N., Shmyglevsky, I.P., Application of Quaternions to the Problems of Rigid Body Orientation: Nauka, 1973.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panov, A.P., Mathematical Fundamentals of Inertial Navigation Theory: Kiev, Naukova Dumka (in Russian), 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panov, A.P., Mathematical Fundamentals of Inertial Navigation Theory: Kiev, Naukova Dumka (in Russian), 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rucker, C., Integrating Rotations Using Nonunit Quaternions, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2018, vol. 3, pp. 2779–2986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rucker, C., Integrating Rotations Using Nonunit Quaternions, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2018, vol. 3, pp. 2779–2986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park, J., Chung, W.-K., Geometric integration on euclidean group with application to articulated multibody systems, IEEE Trans. on Robotics, 2005, vol. 21, pp. 850–863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park, J., Chung, W.-K., Geometric integration on euclidean group with application to articulated multibody systems, IEEE Trans. on Robotics, 2005, vol. 21, pp. 850–863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andrle, M.S., Crassidis, J.L., Geometric Integration of Quaternions, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 2013, vol. 36, pp. 1762–1767.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andrle, M.S., Crassidis, J.L., Geometric Integration of Quaternions, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 2013, vol. 36, pp. 1762–1767.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyle, M., The Integration of Angular Velocity, Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, 2017, vol. 27, pp. 2345–2374.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyle, M., The Integration of Angular Velocity, Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, 2017, vol. 27, pp. 2345–2374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krysl, P., Endres, L., Explicit Newmark/Verlet algorithm for time integration of the rotational dynamics of rigid bodies, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 62, pp. 2154–2177, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krysl, P., Endres, L., Explicit Newmark/Verlet algorithm for time integration of the rotational dynamics of rigid bodies, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 62, pp. 2154–2177, 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hairer, E., Lubich, C., Wanner, G., Geometric Numerical Integration: Structure Preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations, New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hairer, E., Lubich, C., Wanner, G., Geometric Numerical Integration: Structure Preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations, New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Musoff, H., Murphy, J.H., Study of strapdown navigation attitude algorithm, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1995, vol. 18, pp. 287–290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musoff, H., Murphy, J.H., Study of strapdown navigation attitude algorithm, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1995, vol. 18, pp. 287–290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gusinsky, V.Z., Lesyuchevsky, V.M., Litmanovich, Y.A., Musoff, H., Schmidt, G.T., Optimization of a strapdown attitude algorithm for a stochastic motion, Navigation: Journal of The Institute of Navigation, 1997, vol. 44, pp. 163–170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusinsky, V.Z., Lesyuchevsky, V.M., Litmanovich, Y.A., Musoff, H., Schmidt, G.T., Optimization of a strapdown attitude algorithm for a stochastic motion, Navigation: Journal of The Institute of Navigation, 1997, vol. 44, pp. 163–170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gusinsky, V.Z., Lesyuchevsky, V.M., Litmanovich, Y.A., Musoff, H., Schmidt, G.T., New procedure for deriving optimized strapdown attitude algorithm, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1997, vol. 20, pp. 673–680.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusinsky, V.Z., Lesyuchevsky, V.M., Litmanovich, Y.A., Musoff, H., Schmidt, G.T., New procedure for deriving optimized strapdown attitude algorithm, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 1997, vol. 20, pp. 673–680.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tazartes, D.A., Mark, J.G., Coning compensation in strapdown inertial navigation systems, US Patent US005828980A, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tazartes, D.A., Mark, J.G., Coning compensation in strapdown inertial navigation systems, US Patent US005828980A, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litmanovich, Y.A., Use of angular rate multiple integrals as input signals for strapdown attitude algorithms, Symposium Gyro Technology, Stuttgart, Germany, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litmanovich, Y.A., Use of angular rate multiple integrals as input signals for strapdown attitude algorithms, Symposium Gyro Technology, Stuttgart, Germany, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slyusar, V.M., Current Issues of Designing SINS Attitude Algorithms. Part 3. Algorithms Analysis and Synthesiswith Account for Gyros Frequency Response Effect, Gyroscopy and Navigation (in Russian), 2006, vol. 4, pp. 21–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slyusar, V.M., Current Issues of Designing SINS Attitude Algorithms. Part 3. Algorithms Analysis and Synthesiswith Account for Gyros Frequency Response Effect, Gyroscopy and Navigation (in Russian), 2006, vol. 4, pp. 21–36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savage, P., Modern Strapdown Attitude Algorithms And Their Accuracy, Versus Accuracy Requirements For Unaided Strapdown Inertial Navigation (SAI WBN-14025), Strapdown Associates, 2020 (http:// strapdownassociates.com/Algorithm%20Accuracy%20Vs%20%20INS%20Requirements.pdf).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savage, P., Modern Strapdown Attitude Algorithms And Their Accuracy, Versus Accuracy Requirements For Unaided Strapdown Inertial Navigation (SAI WBN-14025), Strapdown Associates, 2020 (http:// strapdownassociates.com/Algorithm%20Accuracy%20Vs%20%20INS%20Requirements.pdf).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sukenik, C.I., Application of ultracold molecules to inertial sensing for navigation, ADA146124, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukenik, C.I., Application of ultracold molecules to inertial sensing for navigation, ADA146124, 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kasevich, M., Science and technology prospects for ultra-cold atoms, 2002, Available: www. nationalacademies.org/bpa/kasevich_CAMOS_021124.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasevich, M., Science and technology prospects for ultra-cold atoms, 2002, Available: www. nationalacademies.org/bpa/kasevich_CAMOS_021124.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ignagni, M., Enhanced Strapdown Attitude Computation, Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics (Article in Advance), 2020, pp. 1–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignagni, M., Enhanced Strapdown Attitude Computation, Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics (Article in Advance), 2020, pp. 1–5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, M., Wu, W., Wang, J., Pan, X., High-order attitude compensation in coning and rotation coexisting environment, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, vol. 51, pp. 1178–1190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, M., Wu, W., Wang, J., Pan, X., High-order attitude compensation in coning and rotation coexisting environment, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, vol. 51, pp. 1178–1190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, M., Wu, W., He, X., Yang, G., Yu, H., Higher-order Rotation Vector Attitude Updating Algorithm, Journal of Navigation, 2019, vol. 72, pp. 721–740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, M., Wu, W., He, X., Yang, G., Yu, H., Higher-order Rotation Vector Attitude Updating Algorithm, Journal of Navigation, 2019, vol. 72, pp. 721–740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y., RodFIter: Attitude Reconstruction from Inertial Measurement by Functional Iteration, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2018, vol. 54, pp. 2131–2142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y., RodFIter: Attitude Reconstruction from Inertial Measurement by Functional Iteration, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2018, vol. 54, pp. 2131–2142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y., Cai, Q., Truong, T.-K., Fast RodFIter for Attitude Reconstruction from Inertial Measurement, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, vol. 55, pp. 419–428.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y., Cai, Q., Truong, T.-K., Fast RodFIter for Attitude Reconstruction from Inertial Measurement, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, vol. 55, pp. 419–428.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y., Yan, G., Attitude Reconstruction from Inertial Measurements: QuatFIter and Its Comparison with RodFIter, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, vol. 55, pp. 3629–3639.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y., Yan, G., Attitude Reconstruction from Inertial Measurements: QuatFIter and Its Comparison with RodFIter, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, vol. 55, pp. 3629–3639.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan, G., Weng, J., Yang, X., Qin, Y., An Accurate Numerical Solution for Strapdown Attitude Algorithm based on Picard iteration, Journal of Astronautics, 2017, vol. 38, pp. 65–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan, G., Weng, J., Yang, X., Qin, Y., An Accurate Numerical Solution for Strapdown Attitude Algorithm based on Picard iteration, Journal of Astronautics, 2017, vol. 38, pp. 65–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atkinson, K.E., Han, W., Stewart, D.E., Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: John Wiley and Sons, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atkinson, K.E., Han, W., Stewart, D.E., Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: John Wiley and Sons, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore, R.E., Methods and Applications in interval analysis. Philadelphia: SIAM, 1979.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore, R.E., Methods and Applications in interval analysis. Philadelphia: SIAM, 1979.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Press, W.H., Numerical Recipes: the Art of Scientific Computing, 3rd ed. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Press, W.H., Numerical Recipes: the Art of Scientific Computing, 3rd ed. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ignagni, M.B., On the orientation vector differential equation in strapdown inertial systems, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1994, vol. 30, pp. 1076–1081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ignagni, M.B., On the orientation vector differential equation in strapdown inertial systems, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1994, vol. 30, pp. 1076–1081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slyusar, V.M., Current Issues of Designing SINS Attitude Algorithms. Part 1. Amplitude Extension of the Algorithms Application Field, Gyroscopy and Navigation (in Russian), vol. 2, pp. 61–74, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slyusar, V.M., Current Issues of Designing SINS Attitude Algorithms. Part 1. Amplitude Extension of the Algorithms Application Field, Gyroscopy and Navigation (in Russian), vol. 2, pp. 61–74, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y., Rigid Motion Reconstruction by Functional Iteration, Inertial Sensors and Systems – Symposium Gyro Technology (ISS-SGT), Karlsruhe, Germany, 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y., Rigid Motion Reconstruction by Functional Iteration, Inertial Sensors and Systems – Symposium Gyro Technology (ISS-SGT), Karlsruhe, Germany, 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y., Fast RodFIter for Precision Attitude Computation, Inertial Sensors and Systems – Symposium Gyro Technology (ISS-SGT), Braunschweig, Germany, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y., Fast RodFIter for Precision Attitude Computation, Inertial Sensors and Systems – Symposium Gyro Technology (ISS-SGT), Braunschweig, Germany, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y., Next-Generation Inertial Navigation Computation Based on Functional Iteration, International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems (ICINS) &amp; Inertial Sensors and Systems – Symposium Gyro Technology (ISS-SGT), Saint Petersburg, Russia; Braunschweig, Germany, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y., Next-Generation Inertial Navigation Computation Based on Functional Iteration, International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems (ICINS) &amp; Inertial Sensors and Systems – Symposium Gyro Technology (ISS-SGT), Saint Petersburg, Russia; Braunschweig, Germany, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y., iNavFIter: Next-Generation Inertial Navigation Computation Based on Functional Iteration, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 56, pp. 2061–2082, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y., iNavFIter: Next-Generation Inertial Navigation Computation Based on Functional Iteration, IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 56, pp. 2061–2082, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clenshaw, C.W., Norton, H.J., The Solution of Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations in Chebyshev Series, Computer Journal, vol. 6, pp. 88–92, 1963.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clenshaw, C.W., Norton, H.J., The Solution of Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations in Chebyshev Series, Computer Journal, vol. 6, pp. 88–92, 1963.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litmanovich, Y.A., Lesyuchevsky, V.M., Gusinsky, V.Z., Strapdown attitude/navigation algorithms with angular rate/specific force multiple integrals as input signals, ION 55th Annual Meeting, Cambridge, MA, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litmanovich, Y.A., Lesyuchevsky, V.M., Gusinsky, V.Z., Strapdown attitude/navigation algorithms with angular rate/specific force multiple integrals as input signals, ION 55th Annual Meeting, Cambridge, MA, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu, Y., Litmanovich, Y.A., Strapdown Attitude Computation: Functional Iterative Integration versus Taylor Series Expansion, https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.09935, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu, Y., Litmanovich, Y.A., Strapdown Attitude Computation: Functional Iterative Integration versus Taylor Series Expansion, https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.09935, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hairer, E., Nørsett, S.P., Wanner, G., Solving Ordinary Differential Equations I, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hairer, E., Nørsett, S.P., Wanner, G., Solving Ordinary Differential Equations I, Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rugh, W.J., Linear System Theory, 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rugh, W.J., Linear System Theory, 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бранец В.Н., Шмыглевский И.П. Введение в теорию бесплатформенных инерциальных навигационных систем. М.: Наука, 1992, 280 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бранец В.Н., Шмыглевский И.П. Введение в теорию бесплатформенных инерциальных навигационных систем. М.: Наука, 1992, 280 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peng, R., Yan, G., Qin, Y., Limitations of residual error estimate for classic coning compensation algorithm, The Ninth International Conference on Electronic Measurement &amp; Instruments, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peng, R., Yan, G., Qin, Y., Limitations of residual error estimate for classic coning compensation algorithm, The Ninth International Conference on Electronic Measurement &amp; Instruments, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trefethen, L.N., Approximation Theory and Approximation Practice: SIAM, 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trefethen, L.N., Approximation Theory and Approximation Practice: SIAM, 2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Челноков Ю.Н., Переляев С.Е., Челнокова Л.А. Исследование алгоритмов определения инерциальной ориентации движущегося объекта. Изв. Сарат. ун-та. Сер. Математика, механика, информатика. 2016. Т. 16. Вып. 1. С. 80–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Челноков Ю.Н., Переляев С.Е., Челнокова Л.А. Исследование алгоритмов определения инерциальной ориентации движущегося объекта. Изв. Сарат. ун-та. Сер. Математика, механика, информатика. 2016. Т. 16. Вып. 1. С. 80–95.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
