<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gyroscopy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гироскопия и навигация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya / Gyroscopy and Navigation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7035</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2075-0927</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AO «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17285/0869-7035.2018.27.1.003-021</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gyroscopy-233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эксплуатация навигационных систем на основе GPS в сложных условиях окружающей среды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>GPS Based Navigation Systems in Difficult Environments</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмидт</surname><given-names>Дж. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>G.T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмидт Джордж Т. Независимый консультант (США)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Schmidt, G.T. (Independent Consultant, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA)</p></bio></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шмидт Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шмидт Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Schmidt G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/233">https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/233</self-uri><abstract><p>Данные координатно-временного обеспечения (КВО), поступающие от глобальной навигационной спутниковой системы GPS, используются во всем мире, но при этом как в гражданских, так и военных применениях существует проблема их доступности и надежности в различных условиях окружающей среды. В статье описываются направленные на решение этой проблемы последние достижения в области технологий навигационных датчиков, в том числе GPS, инерциальных измерителей и других средств навигации. Обсуждаются разработки в области комплексирования датчиков, например для глубоководного автономного аппарата «Bluefin-21».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Position, velocity, and timing (PVT) signals from the Global Positioning System (GPS) are used throughout the world but the availability and reliability of these signals in all environments has become a subject of concern for both civilian and military applications. This presentation summarizes recent advances in navigation sensor technology, including GPS, inertial, and other navigation aids that address these concerns. Also addressed are developments in sensor integration technology with several examples described, including the Bluefin-21 system mechanization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ГНСС</kwd><kwd>GPS</kwd><kwd>инерциальные датчики</kwd><kwd>интеграция доплеровская скорость.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GNSS</kwd><kwd>GPS</kwd><kwd>Inertial sensors</kwd><kwd>Integration</kwd><kwd>Doppler Velocity.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shepard, D, Bhatti, J., Humphreys, T., Drone Hack, GPS World Aug.2012:30-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shepard, D, Bhatti, J., Humphreys, T., Drone Hack, GPS World Aug.2012:30-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Divis, D., GPS Spoofing Experiment Knocks Ship off Course, Inside GNSS, 31 Jul. 2013: 1–3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Divis, D., GPS Spoofing Experiment Knocks Ship off Course, Inside GNSS, 31 Jul. 2013: 1–3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grabowski, J., Personal Privacy Jammers, GPS World, Apr. 2012: 28–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grabowski, J., Personal Privacy Jammers, GPS World, Apr. 2012: 28–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibbons, G., Editor. Online GPS Jammer Sales Draw Attention of FCC, ION Newsletter, vol. 21(3) Fall 2011:5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibbons, G., Editor. Online GPS Jammer Sales Draw Attention of FCC, ION Newsletter, vol. 21(3) Fall 2011:5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Congressional Budget Office. The Global Positioning System for Military Users: Current Modernization Plans and Alternatives., Oct. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Congressional Budget Office. The Global Positioning System for Military Users: Current Modernization Plans and Alternatives., Oct. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lachapelle, G., High Sensitivity GNSS Limitations in RF Perturbed Environments, NATO STO Lecture Series SET-197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lachapelle, G., High Sensitivity GNSS Limitations in RF Perturbed Environments, NATO STO Lecture Series SET-197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raquet, J., Navigation using Pseudolites, Beacons, And Signals of Opportunity, NATO STO Lecture Series SET-197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raquet, J., Navigation using Pseudolites, Beacons, And Signals of Opportunity, NATO STO Lecture Series SET-197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hopkins, R., Barbour, N., Contemporary and Emerging Inertial Sensor Technologies, NATO STO Lecture Series SET-197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hopkins, R., Barbour, N., Contemporary and Emerging Inertial Sensor Technologies, NATO STO Lecture Series SET-197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hopkins, R., Gustafson, D., Sherman, P., Miniature Augmentation Sensors in GNSS Denied Navigation Applications, NATO STO Lecture Series SET-197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hopkins, R., Gustafson, D., Sherman, P., Miniature Augmentation Sensors in GNSS Denied Navigation Applications, NATO STO Lecture Series SET-197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veth, M., Nonlinear Estimation Techniques for Navigation, NATO STO Lecture Series SET197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veth, M., Nonlinear Estimation Techniques for Navigation, NATO STO Lecture Series SET197, Navigation Sensors and Systems in GNSS Degraded and Denied Environments, Oct. 2013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt, G., Phillips, R., INS/GPS Integration Architectures, NATO RTO Lecture Series RTO-EN-SET-116, Low-Cost Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology, Mar. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt, G., Phillips, R., INS/GPS Integration Architectures, NATO RTO Lecture Series RTO-EN-SET-116, Low-Cost Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology, Mar. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Divis, D., Air Force Proposes Dramatic Redesign for GPS Constellation, Inside GNSS May/June 2013: 20–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Divis, D., Air Force Proposes Dramatic Redesign for GPS Constellation, Inside GNSS May/June 2013: 20–24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NAVSTAR GPS Joint Program Office. NAVSTAR GPS User Equipment, Feb. 1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NAVSTAR GPS Joint Program Office. NAVSTAR GPS User Equipment, Feb. 1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahmood, S., Analysis of Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Techniques and GPS Jamming on Precision Guided Munition (PGM) Performance, NATO/AGARD MSP Meeting Technologies for Precision Air Strike Operations in Rapid Reaction and Localized Conflict Scenarios, Seville, Spain, AGARD CP-576, June 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahmood, S., Analysis of Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Techniques and GPS Jamming on Precision Guided Munition (PGM) Performance, NATO/AGARD MSP Meeting Technologies for Precision Air Strike Operations in Rapid Reaction and Localized Conflict Scenarios, Seville, Spain, AGARD CP-576, June 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sklar, J., GPS Capability Projections, Defense Science Board 1996 Summer Study Task Force on Tactics and Technology for 21st Century Military Superiority, vol. 3, Oct. 1996: III.43-III.53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sklar, J., GPS Capability Projections, Defense Science Board 1996 Summer Study Task Force on Tactics and Technology for 21st Century Military Superiority, vol. 3, Oct. 1996: III.43-III.53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt, G., INS/GPS Technology Trends, NATO RTO Lecture Series, RTO-EN-SET-116 Low-Cost Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology, Mar. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt, G., INS/GPS Technology Trends, NATO RTO Lecture Series, RTO-EN-SET-116 Low-Cost Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology, Mar. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groves, P., Principles of GNSS, Inertial, and Multisensor Integrated Navigation Systems, 2nd ed. Boston: Artech House, 2013: Chapters 5, 12, 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groves, P., Principles of GNSS, Inertial, and Multisensor Integrated Navigation Systems, 2nd ed. Boston: Artech House, 2013: Chapters 5, 12, 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kasevich, M., Salomon C.-Editors. Special Issue: Quantum Mechanics for Space Applications: from Quantum Optics to Atom Optics and General Relativity, Applied Physics B, vol. 84, Aug. 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasevich, M., Salomon C.-Editors. Special Issue: Quantum Mechanics for Space Applications: from Quantum Optics to Atom Optics and General Relativity, Applied Physics B, vol. 84, Aug. 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zatezalo, A., Vuletic, V., Baker, P., Poling, T., Bose Einstein Interferometry and Its Applications to Precision Undersea Navigation, IEEE/ION PLANS 2008, Monterey, CA, 2008:940–950.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zatezalo, A., Vuletic, V., Baker, P., Poling, T., Bose Einstein Interferometry and Its Applications to Precision Undersea Navigation, IEEE/ION PLANS 2008, Monterey, CA, 2008:940–950.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbour, N., Hopkins, R., Kourepenus, A., Inertial Navigation Sensors and Inertial MEMS Systems and Applications, NATO Lecture Series, RTO-EN-SET-116, Low-Cost Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology, Mar. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbour, N., Hopkins, R., Kourepenus, A., Inertial Navigation Sensors and Inertial MEMS Systems and Applications, NATO Lecture Series, RTO-EN-SET-116, Low-Cost Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology, Mar. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">aerospace.honeywell.com/en/product-listing/sensors. Cited Feb. 9, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">aerospace.honeywell.com/en/product-listing/sensors. Cited Feb. 9, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt, G., Phillips, R., INS/GPS Integration Architecture Performance Comparisons, NATO RTO Lecture Series, RTO-EN-SET-116, Low-Cost Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology, Mar. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt, G., Phillips, R., INS/GPS Integration Architecture Performance Comparisons, NATO RTO Lecture Series, RTO-EN-SET-116, Low-Cost Navigation Sensors and Integration Technology, Mar. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
