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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gyroscopy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гироскопия и навигация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7035</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2075-0927</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AO «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17285/0869-7035.2018.26.3.121-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gyroscopy-289</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальная оценка характеристик цифровой подводной сети на основе гидроакустических модемов с программным каркасом EviNS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental Estimation of Performance of Underwater Digital Network Based on Acoustic Modems with EviNS Software Framework</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кебкал</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kebkal</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кебкал Константин Георгиевич. Доктор технических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кебкал</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kebkal</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кебкал Вероника Константиновна</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кебкал</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kebkal</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кебкал Алексей Георгиевич</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минаев</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minaev</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минаев Дмитрий Дмитриевич. Кандидат технических наук, доцент</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леоненков</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonenkov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леоненков Роман Викторович</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корытко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korytko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корытко Андрей Семенович</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Evologics GmbH (Берлин).</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>EvoLogics GmbH, Berlin</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Специальное конструкторское бюро средств автоматизации морских исследований Дальневосточного отделения РАН.</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Special Design Bureau for Marine Research Automation, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Специальное конструкторское бюро средств автоматизации морских исследований Дальневосточного отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Special Design Bureau for Marine Research Automation, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кебкал К.Г., Кебкал В.К., Кебкал А.Г., Минаев Д.Д., Леоненков Р.В., Корытко А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кебкал К.Г., Кебкал В.К., Кебкал А.Г., Минаев Д.Д., Леоненков Р.В., Корытко А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kebkal K.G., Kebkal V.K., Kebkal A.G., Minaev D.D., Leonenkov R.V., Korytko A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/289">https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/289</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлено новое техническое решение, позволяющее существенно снизить затраты на создание и эксплуатацию гидроакустических (ГА) сенсорных сетей, а также сохранить малые габариты и высокую энергоэффективность каждого из узлов сети (модемов, выполняющих, например, функции сетевых устройств связи, узлов донной антенны с длинной базой и прочее). Приведены показатели производительности ГА-сети в режиме, представляющем интерес, в частности, для позиционирования и навигации автономных необитаемых подводных аппаратов: исследованы задержки распространения небольших пакетов данных в ГА-сети, а также вероятности доставки небольших пакетов данных от их источника до конечного получателя (к примеру, команд управления, сенсорных данных, данных о позициях длиннобазовых узлов, синхропоследовательностей). Решение основано на разработке и включении в состав программно-аппаратной платформы гидроакустического модема ГА-модема специализированного программного каркаса EviNS (Evologics intelligent Networking Software Framework), представляющего собой компактное программное обеспечение (ПО). Продемонстрированы результаты экспериментального исследования показателей производительности цифровой ГА-сети, в которой используется часть протоколов программного каркаса EviNS, а именно комбинация протокола некоординированного доступа к среде и протокола маршрутизации, основанного на алгоритме «затопления» сети с управлением по порядковому номеру (контролем номеров пакетов данных и рестранслирующих узлов сети). Полученные в экспериментах значения вероятностей и задержек доставки данных от источника до конечного получателя предоставляют пользователю сети необходимые сведения для планирования задач по групповому взаимодействию и оперативной координации узлов ГА-сети, в частности мобильных узлов на подводных аппаратах (по крайней мере, в ГА-сетях с конфигурацией и размерами, аналогичными приведенным в статье).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents a new engineering solution which considerably reduces costs for the development and operation of sonar sensor networks (SSN), while retaining small size and high level of energy saving for each of the network nodes (modems functioning as e.g. communication network devices, long-baseline bottom antenna units, etc.). The SSN performance parameters are shown for the mode being of interest, in particular, for positioning and navigation of autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles; delays in forwarding small datasets from the SSN, as well as probabilities of small datasets delivery from source for finite user are studied (e.g. control commands, sensor data, data on positions of long baseline units, and timing sequences). The solution is based on the design and introduction of special-purpose software framework EviNS (EvoLogics Intelligent Networking Software Framework) into the soft- and hardware platform of underwater acoustic modem (UAM). Results of experimental studies of digital SSN performance are demonstrated, where the SSN employs part of EviNS framework protocols, namely the combination of uncoordinated medium access protocol and routing protocol based on the network «flooding» algorithm with sequence number control (control of numbers of data packets and network forwarding nodes). The experimentally obtained values of probabilities and delays of data delivery from source to finite recipient provide the network user with the information necessary for planning the tasks of group interaction and online coordination of the SSN nodes, such as mobile nodes on underwater vehicles (at least in the SSN having the configuration and size similar to those described in the paper. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Цифровая подводная сеть</kwd><kwd>гидроакустический модем</kwd><kwd>EviNS</kwd><kwd>вероятность доставки.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Underwater digital network</kwd><kwd>acoustic modem</kwd><kwd>EviNS</kwd><kwd>probability of delivery.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bharghavan, V., Demers, A., Shenker, S., and Zhang, L., MACAW: A Media Access Protocol for Wireless LAN’s, ACM SIGCOMM 1994, London, UK, August 31 – September 2 1994, pp. 212–225.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bharghavan, V., Demers, A., Shenker, S., and Zhang, L., MACAW: A Media Access Protocol for Wireless LAN’s, ACM SIGCOMM 1994, London, UK, August 31 – September 2 1994, pp. 212–225.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Dam, T. and Langendoen, K., An adaptive energy efficient mac protocol for wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, ACM Press, 2003, pp. 171–180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Dam, T. and Langendoen, K., An adaptive energy efficient mac protocol for wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, ACM Press, 2003, pp. 171–180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woo, A., Tong, T., and Culler, D., Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks, Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, ACM Press, 2003, pp. 14–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woo, A., Tong, T., and Culler, D., Taming the underlying challenges of reliable multihop routing in sensor networks, Proceedings of the first international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, ACM Press, 2003, pp. 14–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ye, W., Heidemann, J., and Estrin, D., An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ye, W., Heidemann, J., and Estrin, D., An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 2002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chitre, M., Shahabudeen, S., Stojanovic, M., Underwater acoustic communications and networking: Recent advances and future challenges, Marine Technology Society Journal, Spring 2008, vol. 42, no.1, pp. 103–116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chitre, M., Shahabudeen, S., Stojanovic, M., Underwater acoustic communications and networking: Recent advances and future challenges, Marine Technology Society Journal, Spring 2008, vol. 42, no.1, pp. 103–116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiejun, K., Jun-hong, C., Dapeng, W., and Gerla, M., Building underwater ad-hoc networks and sensor networks for large scale real-time aquatic applications. 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