<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gyroscopy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гироскопия и навигация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya / Gyroscopy and Navigation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7035</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2075-0927</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AO «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17285/0869-7035.2015.23.4.003-028</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gyroscopy-418</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вариации Аллана: история создания, преимущества и недостатки, основные области применения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аллан</surname><given-names>Д. У.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аллан Дэвид, президент компании.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Allan’s TIME</institution><country>United States</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аллан Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аллан Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Аллан Д.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/418">https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/418</self-uri><abstract><p>В течение последних 50 лет были предложены и получили распространение вариация Аллана и ее модификации для описания нестабильностей эталонов времени и частоты. Такие нестабильности часто моделируются нестационарными процессами; показано, что указанные вариации представляют собой эффективные оценки рассеяния для этих процессов. В статье представлены соответствующие временны́е и частотные соотношения, обсуждаются преимущества и недостатки предложенных вариаций. Продемонстрировано, что эти вариации могут с успехом использоваться в различных областях, в частности в навигации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over the past 50 years, Allan variance and its modifications have been developed for characterizing the instabilities in precision clocks and oscillators. These instabilities are often modeled by non-stationary processes, and these variances have been shown to be efficient descriptors of these processes. The time-domain and frequency-domain relationships are shown along with the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed variances. These variances are also shown to be useful elsewhere, as in navigation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Вариация Аллана</kwd><kwd>анализ временнóго ряда</kwd><kwd>атомные часы</kwd><kwd>прецизионный анализ</kwd><kwd>нестационарный процесс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Allan variances</kwd><kwd>time series analysis</kwd><kwd>atomic clocks</kwd><kwd>precision analysis</kwd><kwd>non-stationary processes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lighthill M. J. Introduction to Fourier analysis and generalised functions. New York; London: Cambridge University Press. 1964. 79 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lighthill M. J. Introduction to Fourier analysis and generalised functions. New York; London: Cambridge University Press. 1964. 79 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">IEEE Proceedings. Special Issue on Frequency Stability. Vol. 54. № 2. February 1966. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.ieee-uffc.org/publications/special/toc.asp?iss=e661</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">IEEE Proceedings. Special Issue on Frequency Stability. Vol. 54. № 2. February 1966. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.ieee-uffc.org/publications/special/toc.asp?iss=e661</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voss R. F., Mandelbrot B. B. Why is Nature Fractal and When should Noises be Scaling? // Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Noise / M. Savelli, G. Lecoy and J-P Nougier eds. New-York: Elsevier Science, 1983. P. 31-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voss R. F., Mandelbrot B. B. Why is Nature Fractal and When should Noises be Scaling? // Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Noise / M. Savelli, G. Lecoy and J-P Nougier eds. New-York: Elsevier Science, 1983. P. 31-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes J. A., Chi A. R., Cutler L. S., Healey D. J., Leeson D. B., Mc Gunigal T. E., Mullen J. A., Jr., Smith W. L., Sydnor R. L., Vessot R. F. C., Winkler G. M. R.. Characterization of Frequency Stability // IEEE Transactions on Instruments and Measurements Vol. 20. № 2. 1971. P. 105–120. [Электронный ресурс] Сайт Отделения временны́х и частотных измерений NIST: URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/118.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes J. A., Chi A. R., Cutler L. S., Healey D. J., Leeson D. B., Mc Gunigal T. E., Mullen J. A., Jr., Smith W. L., Sydnor R. L., Vessot R. F. C., Winkler G. M. R.. Characterization of Frequency Stability // IEEE Transactions on Instruments and Measurements Vol. 20. № 2. 1971. P. 105–120. [Электронный ресурс] Сайт Отделения временны́х и частотных измерений NIST: URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/118.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allan D. W. Should the Classical Variance Be Used As a Basic Measure in Standards Metrology? // IEEE Transactions on instrumentation and measurement. Vol. IM-36. №. 2. June 1987. P. 646–654. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/776.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allan D. W. Should the Classical Variance Be Used As a Basic Measure in Standards Metrology? // IEEE Transactions on instrumentation and measurement. Vol. IM-36. №. 2. June 1987. P. 646–654. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/776.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Катков А. С. Применение преобразования Аллана для анализа предельных возможностей мер и компараторов напряжения. Измерительная техника, 2006. № 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Катков А. С. Применение преобразования Аллана для анализа предельных возможностей мер и компараторов напряжения. Измерительная техника, 2006. № 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Witt T. J. Testing for correlations in measurements with the Allan Variance // Advanced mathematical and computational tools in metrology IV. World Scient. Publ. 2000. P. 273-288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Witt T. J. Testing for correlations in measurements with the Allan Variance // Advanced mathematical and computational tools in metrology IV. World Scient. Publ. 2000. P. 273-288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NIST Time and Frequency Publication Search Results: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/tf-cgi/showpubs.pl.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NIST Time and Frequency Publication Search Results: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/tf-cgi/showpubs.pl.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allan D. W., Shoaf J. H., Halford D. Statistics of time and frequency data analysis // Time and frequency theory and fundamentals. National bureau of standards monograph 140. Washington DC: U. S. Department of Commerce, 1974. P. 151-204. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/771.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allan D. W., Shoaf J. H., Halford D. Statistics of time and frequency data analysis // Time and frequency theory and fundamentals. National bureau of standards monograph 140. Washington DC: U. S. Department of Commerce, 1974. P. 151-204. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/771.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allan D. W. Conversion of frequency stability measures from the time-domain to the frequency domain, vice-versa and power-law spectral densities. [Электронный ресурс]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allan D. W. Conversion of frequency stability measures from the time-domain to the frequency domain, vice-versa and power-law spectral densities. [Электронный ресурс]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">URL:http://www.allanstime.com/Publications/DWA/Conversion_from_Allan_variance_to_Spectral_Densities.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">URL:http://www.allanstime.com/Publications/DWA/Conversion_from_Allan_variance_to_Spectral_Densities.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Box G., Jenkins G. Time series analysis: Forecasting and control. San Francisco: Holden-Day, 1970.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Box G., Jenkins G. Time series analysis: Forecasting and control. San Francisco: Holden-Day, 1970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vessot R., Peters H., Vanier J., Beehler R., Halford D., Harrach R., Allan D., Glaze D., Snider C., Barnes J., Cutler L., Bodily L. An intercomparison of Hydrogen and Cesium Frequency Standards // IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements. Vol. IM-15. № 4. December 1966. P. 165-176. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/172.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vessot R., Peters H., Vanier J., Beehler R., Halford D., Harrach R., Allan D., Glaze D., Snider C., Barnes J., Cutler L., Bodily L. An intercomparison of Hydrogen and Cesium Frequency Standards // IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements. Vol. IM-15. № 4. December 1966. P. 165-176. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.boulder.nist.gov/general/pdf/172.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Backer D. C., Kulkarni S. R., Heiles C., Davis M. M., Goss W. M. A millisecond pulsar // Nature. 300 (5893). 1982. P. 615-618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Backer D. C., Kulkarni S. R., Heiles C., Davis M. M., Goss W. M. A millisecond pulsar // Nature. 300 (5893). 1982. P. 615-618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allan D. W. It's About Time: Science Harmonized with Religion. New-York: Legends library, 2014. 411 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allan D. W. It's About Time: Science Harmonized with Religion. New-York: Legends library, 2014. 411 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">It’s about time: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.ItsAboutTimeBook.com16. Allan’s TIME. David W. Allan's Time Interval Metrology Enterprise: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.AllansTIME.com/UFT_private</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">It’s about time: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL: http://www.ItsAboutTimeBook.com16. Allan’s TIME. David W. Allan's Time Interval Metrology Enterprise: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.AllansTIME.com/UFT_private</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mc Taggart L. The Field: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe. New-York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001. 268 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mc Taggart L. The Field: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe. New-York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001. 268 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NIST Time and frequency division: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NIST Time and frequency division: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.nist.gov/pml/div688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">1139-1988 – IEEE Standard Definitions of Physical Quantities for Fundamental Frequency and Time Metrology // IEEE Standards Associations: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/1139-1988.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1139-1988 – IEEE Standard Definitions of Physical Quantities for Fundamental Frequency and Time Metrology // IEEE Standards Associations: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/1139-1988.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NIST Technical Note 1337. Characterization of Clocks and Oscillators / Sullivan D. B., Allan D. W., Howe D. A., Walls EL. Washington: U. S. Department of commerce, 1990. 352 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NIST Technical Note 1337. Characterization of Clocks and Oscillators / Sullivan D. B., Allan D. W., Howe D. A., Walls EL. Washington: U. S. Department of commerce, 1990. 352 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Handbook selection and use of precise frequency and time systems: ITU Handbook. Geneva: Radiocommunication Bureau, 1997. 191 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Handbook selection and use of precise frequency and time systems: ITU Handbook. Geneva: Radiocommunication Bureau, 1997. 191 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allan D. W., Ashby N., Hodge C. Science of Timekeeping: Hewlett-Packard Application Note 1289. Palo Alto, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allan D. W., Ashby N., Hodge C. Science of Timekeeping: Hewlett-Packard Application Note 1289. Palo Alto, 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NIST Time and frequency division: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.nist.gov/general/publications.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NIST Time and frequency division: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.nist.gov/general/publications.htm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riley W. J. Handbook of Frequency Stability Analysis: NIST special publication 1065. Washington: U. S. Government printing office, 2008. 136 p. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/2220.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riley W. J. Handbook of Frequency Stability Analysis: NIST special publication 1065. Washington: U. S. Government printing office, 2008. 136 p. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/2220.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Sheimy N., Hou H., Niu X. Analysis and modeling of inertial sensors using Allan variance // IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. Vol. 57. № 1. 2008. P. 140-149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Sheimy N., Hou H., Niu X. Analysis and modeling of inertial sensors using Allan variance // IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. Vol. 57. № 1. 2008. P. 140-149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X., Li Y., Mumford P., Rizos Ch. Allan Variance Analysis on Error Characters of MEMS Inertial Sensors for an FPGA-based GPS/INS System // Proceedings of the International Symposium on GPS/GNSS, Odaiba, Tokyo, Japan, 11-14 November 2008. Vol. 1. New-York: Curran associates, 2009. P. 127–133. [Электронный ресурс]. URL:http://toc.proceedings.com/06708webtoc.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X., Li Y., Mumford P., Rizos Ch. Allan Variance Analysis on Error Characters of MEMS Inertial Sensors for an FPGA-based GPS/INS System // Proceedings of the International Symposium on GPS/GNSS, Odaiba, Tokyo, Japan, 11-14 November 2008. Vol. 1. New-York: Curran associates, 2009. P. 127–133. [Электронный ресурс]. URL:http://toc.proceedings.com/06708webtoc.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gyroscope // VECTORNAV: Embedded Navigation Solutions: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.vectornav.com/support/library/gyroscope</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gyroscope // VECTORNAV: Embedded Navigation Solutions: сайт. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.vectornav.com/support/library/gyroscope</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marinov M., Petrov Zh. Allan Variance Analysis on Error Characters of Lowcost MEMS Accelerometer MMA8451Q // AFASES 2014. International conference of scientific paper, Brasov, 22-24 May 2014. Romania: Publishing house of «Henri Coanda» Air force academy, 2014. P. 179-184. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.afahc.ro/ro/afases/2014/mecanica/marinov_petrov_allan.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marinov M., Petrov Zh. Allan Variance Analysis on Error Characters of Lowcost MEMS Accelerometer MMA8451Q // AFASES 2014. International conference of scientific paper, Brasov, 22-24 May 2014. Romania: Publishing house of «Henri Coanda» Air force academy, 2014. P. 179-184. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.afahc.ro/ro/afases/2014/mecanica/marinov_petrov_allan.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou H. Modeling Inertial Sensors Errors Using Allan Variance: A thesis for the degree of master of science. Calgary: University of Calgary, 2004. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.ucalgary.ca/engo_webdocs/NES/04.20201.HaiyingHou.pdf; 30. Quinchia G., Falco A., G., Falletti E. , Dovis F., Ferrer C. A ComparisonBetween Different Error Modelling of MEMS Applied to GPS/INS Integrated Systems // Sensors. Vol. 13. № 8. P. 9549-9588. 2013. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/8/9549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou H. Modeling Inertial Sensors Errors Using Allan Variance: A thesis for the degree of master of science. Calgary: University of Calgary, 2004. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.ucalgary.ca/engo_webdocs/NES/04.20201.HaiyingHou.pdf; 30. Quinchia G., Falco A., G., Falletti E. , Dovis F., Ferrer C. A ComparisonBetween Different Error Modelling of MEMS Applied to GPS/INS Integrated Systems // Sensors. Vol. 13. № 8. P. 9549-9588. 2013. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/8/9549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuskel Y., Kaygisiz H. B. Notes on Stochastic Errors of Low Cost MEMS Inertial Units. 2011. 39 p. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://instk.org/web/static/bibliography/Introduction_to_Sensor_Errors.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuskel Y., Kaygisiz H. B. Notes on Stochastic Errors of Low Cost MEMS Inertial Units. 2011. 39 p. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://instk.org/web/static/bibliography/Introduction_to_Sensor_Errors.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vukmirica V., Trajkovski I., Asanović N. Two methods for the determination of inertial sensor parameters // Scientific Technical Review. Vol. 60. No. 3-4. 2010. P. 27-33. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.vti.mod.gov.rs/ntp/rad2010/34-10/4/04.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vukmirica V., Trajkovski I., Asanović N. Two methods for the determination of inertial sensor parameters // Scientific Technical Review. Vol. 60. No. 3-4. 2010. P. 27-33. [Электронный ресурс] URL:http://www.vti.mod.gov.rs/ntp/rad2010/34-10/4/04.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang B., Guo X. Modified Allan variance analysis on random errors of MINS // TELKOMNIKA. Vol. 11. № 3. March 2013. P. 1227-1235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang B., Guo X. Modified Allan variance analysis on random errors of MINS // TELKOMNIKA. Vol. 11. № 3. March 2013. P. 1227-1235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voss R. F., Clarke J. 1/f Noise in Music and Speech // Nature. 1975. Vol. 258. P. 317-318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voss R. F., Clarke J. 1/f Noise in Music and Speech // Nature. 1975. Vol. 258. P. 317-318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Musha T., Higuchi H. The 1/f fluctuation of traffic current on an expressway // Journal of Applied Physics. 1978. № 15. P. 1271–1276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musha T., Higuchi H. The 1/f fluctuation of traffic current on an expressway // Journal of Applied Physics. 1978. № 15. P. 1271–1276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pink noise // Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. [Электронный ресурс] URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_noise.Allan D. W. (Allan’s TIME; Fountain Green, USA) Historicity, Strengths, and Weaknesses of Allan Variances and Their General Applications // Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya. 2015. № 4 (91). P. 3-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pink noise // Wikipedia: The free encyclopedia. [Электронный ресурс] URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_noise.Allan D. W. (Allan’s TIME; Fountain Green, USA) Historicity, Strengths, and Weaknesses of Allan Variances and Their General Applications // Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya. 2015. № 4 (91). P. 3-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
