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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gyroscopy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гироскопия и навигация</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-7035</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2075-0927</issn><publisher><publisher-name>AO «Концерн «ЦНИИ «Электроприбор»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UNALZG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gyroscopy-55</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метод обнаружения выбросов в погрешностях выработки времени спутниковыми часами на основе WS-MAD-технологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clock Bias Gross Error Detection Method Based on WS-MAD</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2458-7021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цзя</surname><given-names>Су</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jia</surname><given-names>Su</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цзя Су</title></sec><sec><title>Шицзячжуан</title></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Jia Su</title></sec><sec><title>Shijiazhuang</title></sec></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3049-0627</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мэн-Цзя</surname><given-names>Гао</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mengjia</surname><given-names>Gao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Мэн-Цзя Гао</title></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Shijiazhuang</title></sec></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-8732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цин-У</surname><given-names>И</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Qingwu</surname><given-names>Yi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цин-У И</title></sec><sec><title>Шицзячжуан</title></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Shijiazhuang</title></sec></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5917-503X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бинь-Бинь</surname><given-names>Ван</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Binbin</surname><given-names>Wang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Бинь-Бинь Ван</title></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Shijiazhuang</title></sec></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6408-5882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чжи-Вэй</surname><given-names>Ма</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhiwei</surname><given-names>Ma</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Чжи-Вэй Ма</title></sec><sec><title>Чжэнчжоу</title></sec></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Zhengzhou</title></sec></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Хэбэйский университет науки и техники</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>College of Information Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Главная государственная лаборатория спутниковых навигационных систем и оборудования</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Хэнаньский университет экономики и права</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Henan University of Economics and Law</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цзя С., Мэн-Цзя Г., Цин-У И., Бинь-Бинь В., Чжи-Вэй М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цзя С., Мэн-Цзя Г., Цин-У И., Бинь-Бинь В., Чжи-Вэй М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jia S., Mengjia G., Qingwu Y., Binbin W., Zhiwei M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/55">https://www.gyroscopy.ru/jour/article/view/55</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье предложен метод обнаружения выбросов в погрешностях выработки времени спутниковыми часами (далее – погрешности часов), который основан на взвешенном варианте описания данных с использованием опорных векторов (SVDD – support vector data description) в сочетании с модифицированным медианным абсолютным отклонением (MAD – median absolute deviation), что позволяет устранить ограничения, присущие общепринятому методу MAD. В качестве весов для SVDD применяется локальная достижимая плотность, которая в полной мере учитывает локальные характеристики всех данных. Путем построения минимальной гиперсферы в многомерном пространстве признаков одномерные данные преобразуются в расстояния от векторов до центра гиперсферы, что увеличивает несоответствие между обычными данными и выбросами. Модифицированный метод MAD предполагает проверку расстояния от вектора текущей эпохи до центра гиперсферы на наличие грубых погрешностей, что позволяет выяснить, является ли таковым текущее смещение часов. Для имитационных экспериментов были задействованы точные данные о погрешностях часов спутников BDS-3 с различными интервалами выборки, предоставленные Немецким центром исследования Земли (GFZ). Сравнение результатов применения методов MAD и комбинированного SVDD-MAD (WS-MAD) показывает, что последний способен обнаруживать даже небольшие погрешности в гладко распределенных частотных данных часов и значительные – в данных смещения часов при наличии тренда. Кроме того, обнаружение выбросов и прогнозирование погрешности часов спутников с различными орбитами и типами часов позволяют заключить, что метод WS-MAD повышает их точность в большей степени для спутников МЕО и IGSO, чем GEO. Для тех же МЕО-спутников указанный эффект для водородных часов проявляется сильнее, чем для часов на рубидии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper proposes a clock bias gross error detection method, which combines weight- ed support vector data description (SVDD) with modified median absolute deviation (MAD) to address the limitations of the traditional MAD method. The method uses the local reachable density as the weighting factor of SVDD, which fully considers the local characteristics of each data. By constructing the minimum hypersphere in the high-dimen- sional feature space, the one-dimensional data are transformed into the distance from the vector point to the center of the hypersphere in the high-dimensional space. This trans- formation increases the discrepancy between normal data and gross errors. The modified MAD method probes the distance from the current epoch vector point to the center of the hypersphere for gross errors, and thus determines whether the current clock bias is a gross error. The precision clock bias data of BDS-3 with different sampling intervals provided by GFZ were used for simulation experiments. By comparing the results of the MAD method and the WS-MAD method, it is found that the WS-MAD method can detect the small gross errors in the smooth clock bias frequency data and more gross errors in the clock bias data with trend term floating. The fitting and prediction analyses on satellites with different orbits and clock types show that the WS-MAD method improves the fitting and prediction accuracy of MEO and IGSO satellites better than that of GEO satellites. For the same MEO satellites, the enhancement effect of hydrogen clocks is better than that of rubidium clocks.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>погрешности часов спутника</kwd><kwd>обнаружение выбросов</kwd><kwd>SVDD со взвешиванием</kwd><kwd>MAD</kwd><kwd>прогноз погрешности часов спутника</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>satellite clock bias</kwd><kwd>gross error detection</kwd><kwd>weighted SVDD</kwd><kwd>MAD</kwd><kwd>satellite clock bias prediction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang, Y.F., Pan, X., Qing, C.X., Mei, C.S., &amp; Lai, Z.L., Detection and repair of outliers in BDS satellite clock offset based on semiparametric mean drift model, Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2020, no. 8, pp. 47-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang, Y.F., Pan, X., Qing, C.X., Mei, C.S., &amp; Lai, Z.L., Detection and repair of outliers in BDS satellite clock offset based on semiparametric mean drift model, Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2020, no. 8, pp. 47-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He, S., Liu, J., Zhu, X., Dai, Z., &amp; Li, D., Research on modeling and predicting of BDS-3 satellite clock bias using the LSTM neural network model, GPS Solutions, 2023, vol. 27, no. 3, 108, https://doi.org/2023.10/s1007-10291-023-01451</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He, S., Liu, J., Zhu, X., Dai, Z., &amp; Li, D., Research on modeling and predicting of BDS-3 satellite clock bias using the LSTM neural network model, GPS Solutions, 2023, vol. 27, no. 3, 108, https://doi.org/2023.10/s1007-10291-023-01451</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng, S.L., Study on the methods of data preprocessing and performance analysis for atomic clocks, M.Sc. 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