The paper presents an overview of electrostatic accelerometers designed for various space projects. Engineering solutions aimed at high accuracy of measurements are described. Applications and development trends of electrostatic accelerometers, as well as the ways to improve their operation performance are discussed.

Designing a compact balanced quantum rotation sensor (gyroscope) based on nuclear magnetic resonance in xenon is one of the most urgent and promising tasks in modern metrology. The ultimate accuracy of the sensor is mostly constrained by the isotope shift conditioned by the difference in relaxation rates of two xenon isotopes under spatially nonuniform spin-exchange pumping of nuclear magnetic moments. The proposed method for suppressing the isotope shift and its partial derivatives is based on creating the external magnetic field with nonlinear spatial gradient. The simulation results based on experimental data demonstrate that the method can be applied to small gas cells with higher spatial nonlinearity of pumping parameters.

The paper focuses on the methods to reduce the satellite signal multipath effect on the accuracy of attitude parameters, in particular, the true heading, generated by the designed marine GNSS gyrocompass – INS/GNSS system with the single-axis rotation of the antenna and IMU units. Test results for the compass prototype model have been provided, with the artificial distortions created by the GNSS signal reflector.

Marine gravimetry aims to obtain accurate and reliable data on gravity field anomalies in water areas. Modern gravimetric systems such as Chekan-AM feature high accuracy due to the novel circuit and design solutions in the conditions specified in the technical description. The article discusses the influence of ambient temperature and humidity on the accuracy of the Chekan-AM gravimeter. These meteorological factors matter both during short measurement periods, within individual survey lines, and long periods, during expeditions far away from the reference points. For 18 months, the authors of the article have been carrying out laboratory tests of the gravimeter with simultaneous registration of meteorological parameters. Based on the observation results, the correlation dependences of the zero-point drift of the gravimeter sensitive element on seasonal temperature and humidity variations were calculated. Marine expeditions data were also studied, with analysis of the temperature impact over a short time period during the marine gravimetric survey. Based on the results of the experiments it was shown that meteorological monitoring should be performed in the course of gravimetric surveys, including those onboard research vessels. An additional thermal noise becomes noticeable in the survey conducted in an area with low variations in the gravity field, and it should be considered when analyzing and evaluating the results.

The paper discusses the problem of temperature drift compensation in a fiber-optic gyroscope, using a number of temperature sensors distributed along the gyroscope coil. An algorithm is proposed for processing the sensors’ data in the form of weighted sum of temperature values and its derivative. The results of the proposed algorithm comparison with an algorithm that uses averaged readings of sensors are presented. It is shown that the proposed algorithm increases the compensation accuracy up to 50%.

The paper features the simulation of wave forces and moments acting on the ship for synthesizing the motion control algorithms. The available approaches to describing the wave forces and moments are shown so have some weak points. An alternative approach for wave simulation is proposed, based on chaotic oscillations generated in the dynamical systems of chaotic attractor type. The wave spectral characteristics are analyzed, and criteria to define the major frequency range of the signal spectrum are proposed. It is proposed to compare the major frequency range, signal variance, and distribution characteristics of the simulated process and the wave of the preset frequency and average height under comparison. The known Arneodo and Chen attractors are considered, their spectral properties are studied, and phase patterns are constructed. It is proposed to use an attractor phase coordinate as a magnitude modeling the wave. The vehicle mathematical model is supplemented with the attractor equations, and the process becomes quasistochastic due to the attractor features. The adequacy of the proposed wave model is estimated using the estimates of spectra and distributions. The ship rolling has been simulated using the described approach.

July 2022 marks the 60th anniversary of the first mission of a Soviet submarine to the geographic North Pole. This and subsequent missions required new navigation aids to be developed. This paper studies the development of the navigation aids used in the polar missions.